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Economic Survey 2024-25: Key Insights and Analysis

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Economic Survey 2024-25: Key Insights and Analysis

ChapterKey Highlights
Chapter 1: State of the Economy- Global economy: Uneven growth, manufacturing slowdown in Europe and Asia, services sector growth. <br> - India's GDP growth: 6.4% projected for FY25. <br> - Agriculture and services drove growth; manufacturing struggled. <br> - Strong external balance, fiscal discipline, and service sector trade surplus. <br> - Food inflation may ease due to strong Kharif harvests.
Chapter 2: Monetary and Financial Sector Developments- RBI held repo rate at 6.5%, later cut CRR to 4%, injecting ₹1.16 lakh crore. <br> - Bank credit grew steadily; NPAs declined; profitability improved. <br> - Capital market: Increased IPOs, investor participation, and financial inclusion.
Chapter 3: External Sector: Getting FDI Right- Strong trade performance in FY24 despite global uncertainties. <br> - Focus on FDI to boost manufacturing and technology. <br> - Resilient balance of payments with services sector surplus.
Chapter 4: Prices and Inflation- Global inflation: Peaked at 8.7% in 2022, declined to 5.7% in 2024. <br> - India's retail inflation: Moderated to 4.9% in FY25. <br> - Food inflation driven by onion and tomato production; mitigated by buffer stocking.
Chapter 5: Medium-Term Outlook: Deregulation Drives Growth- India aims for 8% annual growth to become a $5 trillion economy by FY28 and $6.3 trillion by FY30. <br> - Emphasis on regulatory reforms and ease of doing business.
Chapter 6: Investment and Infrastructure- Public capex boosted infrastructure investment. <br> - Growth in renewable energy, digital, urban, and rural infrastructure. <br> - Continued investment needed to sustain growth.
Chapter 7: Industry: Business Reforms and Growth- Strong performance in core industries (steel, cement, chemicals). <br> - Deregulation and PLI schemes (e.g., air conditioners) boosted growth. <br> - MSME sector saw significant growth due to policy interventions.
Chapter 8: Services Sector: New Challenges- Strong performance in IT, business services, and logistics. <br> - Steady FDI inflows into services. <br> - Improvements in railways, airways, and waterways boosted domestic tourism.
Chapter 9: Agriculture and Food Management- Agriculture growth supported by PM-KISAN and Pradhan Mantri Kisan Maandhan Yojna. <br> - Challenges in pulses and oilseeds productivity. <br> - Push for sustainable farming practices.
Chapter 10: Climate and Environment: Adaptation Matters- Focus on climate adaptation and energy transition. <br> - Lessons from global energy transitions (Europe, China). <br> - Lifestyle for Environment (LiFE) initiative promoted.
Chapter 11: Social Infrastructure, Employment, and Human Development- Improved investment in health, education, housing, and sanitation. <br> - Rural connectivity and microfinance initiatives enhanced rural quality of life. <br> - Emphasis on gender equality and sustainable employment growth.
Chapter 12: Employment and Skill Development- Unemployment rate declined from 6% (2017-18) to 3.2% (2023-24). <br> - Labour force participation rate (LFPR) and worker-to-population ratio improved. <br> - Focus on reskilling, upskilling, and new-skilling for Viksit Bharat 2047.
Chapter 13: Labour in the AI Era: Crisis or Catalyst?- AI's impact on labour markets: Opportunities and challenges. <br> - Need for inclusive institutions to manage disruption. <br> - Strategic investment in education and workforce skills for equitable growth.

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